CiteSpace knowledge map analysis of Angong Niuhuang Pills in recent twenty years / 中国中药杂志

Angong Niuhuang Pills, a classical formula in traditional Chinese medicine, are lauded as one of the "three treasures of febrile diseases" and have been widely used in the treatment of diverse disorders with definite efficacy. However, there is still a lack of bibliometric analysis of research progress and development trend regarding Angong Niuhuang Pills. Research articles on Angong Niuhuang Pills in China and abroad(2000-2022) were retrieved from CNKI and Web of Science. CiteSpace 6.1 was used to visualize the key contents of the research articles. In addition, the research status of Angong Niuhuang Pills was analyzed by information extraction to allow insight into the research trends and hotspots about Angong Niuhuang Pills. A total of 460 Chinese articles and 41 English articles were included. Beijing University of Chinese Medicine and Sun Yat-Sen University were the research institutions that have published the largest amount of research articles in Chinese and English. The keyword analysis showed that the Chinese articles focused on cerebral hemorrhage, stroke, neurological function, coma, cerebral infarction, craniocerebral injury, and clinical application, while the English articles focused on the mechanisms of cerebral ischemia, stroke, heavy metal, blood-brain barrier, and oxidative stress. Stroke, blood-brain barrier, and oxidative stress were presumably the research hotspots in the future. At present, the research on Angong Niuhuang Pills is still in the developing stage. It is necessary to highlight the in-depth research on the active components and mechanism of action and carry out large-scale randomized controlled clinical trials to provide references for the further development and application of Angong Niuhuang Pills.

Research Progress of Disease Developmental Process and Disease Dynamic Molecular Network Construction of "Myocardial Infarction-heart Failure" / 中国实验方剂学杂志

With the development of omics technology， the construction of disease networks has been widely used in the study of complex diseases. It has been widely used to construct disease networks using systems biology technology to study complex diseases. The mechanism exploration model of disease molecular network which uses the method of constructing disease networks， simulates the occurrence of diseases， explores the core development mechanism of complex diseases， and then predicts biomarkers and exploits the mechanism of drug action provided many new thoughts for the prevention and treatment of complex diseases. Nowadays， the research on the mechanism of myocardial infarction caused by myocardial ischemia and heart failure after myocardial infarction is still very important. However， the research of the molecular network of myocardial infarction and heart failure diseases is usually limited to a few targets and pathways， so it is not able to comprehensively and systematically explain the disease process. Furthermore， authors outlined the typical biological process of "myocardial infarction-heart failure" and related targets from the pathophysiological level， and summarized the existing methods of constructing dynamic networks for heart diseases and other diseases. Based on the dynamic molecular network construction methods of cardiac diseases and other diseases， this paper discusses the construction of the dynamic molecular network of myocardial infarction and heart failure， in order to understand the evolution of myocardial infarction and heart failure more accurately and explore the importance of the dynamic molecular network of the disease process for the study of disease mechanism.

Analysis of Crucial Transcription Factors of Berberine Against Cerebral Ischemia Based on Transcriptomics and Proteomics / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveOn the basis of determining the protective effect of berberine （BBR） on cerebral ischemia， crucial transcription factors （TFs） of BBR against cerebral ischemia was identified by using transcriptome and proteome sequencing. MethodThe model of middle cerebral artery occlusion （MCAO） was established by thread embolization. The sham operation group， model group， low-dose group of BBR （dose of 37.5 mg·kg-1·d-1） and high-dose group of BBR （75 mg·kg-1·d-1） were set up. The rats were killed after continuous intragastric administration for 7 days. The pharmacodynamics was evaluated by Longa score and cerebral infarction rate， and the expressions of inflammatory cytokines， such as interleukin （IL）-1β， tumor necrosis factor （TNF）-α and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 （MCP-1） were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. Then， RNA-Seq technique was used to detect the differentially expressed genes （DEGs） before and after BBR intervention， and DAVID 6.8 was used for enrichment analysis of DEGs. CatTFREs technique was used to detect differential TFs before and after BBR intervention， and DAVID 6.8 and STRING 11.0 were used for enrichment analysis and TFs association analysis. Finally， by integrating the activity of TFs and the changes of downstream target genes， crucial TFs were identified and the related regulatory network was constructed by Cytoscape 3.7.1. ResultCompared with the sham operation group， the neurological impairment was significant in the model group （P<0.01）， and compared with the model group， the low and high dose BBR groups could significantly reduce the neurological function damage （P<0.01） and decrease the rate of cerebral infarction （P<0.01）. Transcriptome data analysis showed that BBR was involved in the recovery process after cerebral ischemia mainly by affecting cell adhesion， brain development， neuron migration， calcium signaling pathway， cyclic adenosine monophosphate （cAMP） signaling pathway， inflammatory response and other related functions and signaling pathways. Proteomic data analysis showed that the differentially expressed TFs after BBR intervention interfered with cerebral ischemia mainly by regulating cell differentiation， immune system process， cell proliferation and other biological processes. In addition， integration analysis of TFs and DEGs revealed that transcription factor CP2-like 1 （TFCP2L1）， nuclear factor erythroid-2 like 1 （NFE2L1）， neurogenic differentiation protein 6 （NeuroD6） and POU domain， class 2， transcription factor 1 （POU2F1） were crucial TFs against cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury mediated by BBR. ConclusionBBR has obvious protective effect on cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury and its crucial TFs include TFCP2L1， NFE2L1， NeuroD6 and POU2F1.

Explore Effective Constituents and Mechanism of Tingli Dazao Xiefeitang in Treatment of Heart Failure Based on Network Pharmacology and Mass Spectrometry / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To investigate the effective constituents and mechanism of Tingli Dazao Xiefeitang for the treatment of heart failure through network pharmacology and high resolution mass spectrometry technique as well as molecular docking technique. Method:Chemical components and potential targets in Descurainiae Semen Lepidii Semen and Jujubae Fructus were searched by referring to literature and BATMAN-TCM database. The disease targets were searched in GeneCards database with ''heart failure'' as the key word. STRING platform was used to construct protein-protein interaction（PPI） network based on common targets of drugs and disease. The network topology was analyzed by using Cytoscape 3.7.2 software to obtain the core targets eventually. Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes（KEGG） enrichment analysis of the core targets was conducted through DAVID database to draw a network of “herb-compound-target-pathway”. Based on the results of the network pharmacology research above，high resolution mass spectrometry was used to analyze the decoction and confirm the selected active components. AutoDock 4.2.6 software was used for molecular docking verification of key active components and related targets. Result:A total of 85 components were obtained in Descurainiae Semen Lepidii Semen，and 49 components were obtained in Fructus Ziziphi Jujubae. A total of 1 078 drug targets and 1 549 disease targets were identified. After PPI analysis and network topology analysis，23 core targets and 33 active components were obtained，involving 19 signaling pathways （<italic>P</italic><0.05）. Mass spectrometry analysis results indicated that 18 components such as isovanillic acid，descuraininA and kaempferol-7-<italic>O-β-D</italic>-glucopyranoside were confirmed in decoction. Molecular docking analysis results indicated that 6 core components （degree value top 6），such as isovanillic acid，descurainin A and kaempferol-7-<italic>O-β-D</italic>-glucopyranoside，had good binding activity with silent information regulatory factor 1（SIRT1），interleukin（IL）1B，protein kinase B<italic>α</italic>（AKT1） and tumor necrosis factor（TNF）. The compound recipe for heart failure mainly involved mitogen-activated protein kinase（MAPK），hypoxia inducible factor-1（HIF-1），Mammalian target of rapamycin（mTOR） and other signaling pathways. Conclusion:This study preliminarily investigated the effective constituents and mechanism of Tingli Dazao Xiefeitang in the treatment of heart failure. It can provide references for the precise clinical medication and screening of quality control markers，as well as the discovery of active components in the treatment of heart failure.

Analysis of medication regularity of classical prescription in treatment of COPD based on multi-target efficacy evaluation system of Chinese medicine / 中国中药杂志

Effective drugs for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD), a complex chronic lung disease, have long been difficultly determined, while traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) has played a critical effect in the treatment of such disease. A new approach for the prediction based on data analysis by integrating TCM basic theories and modern science is urgently needed apart from clinical experiments. In this study, an efficacy evaluation system of COPD was established based on the multi-target efficacy evaluation system of Chinese medicine to analyze the medication regularity and characteristics, such as efficacies, properties, meridian tropism,and core combinations of Chinese medicines. The characteristics of classical prescriptions in the intervention of COPD were explored from modern pharmacology. The results showed that the Chinese medicines in the classical prescriptions in the treatment of COPD were dominated by heat-clearing, phlegm-resolving, dampness-dispelling, exterior-releasing, deficiency-tonifying, and interior-warming drugs. Among them, dampness-dispelling, interior-warming, and heat-clearing drugs resulted in higher perturbation efficiency in the disease network than some western medicines on the market, suggesting that these drugs possessed better efficacies in the treatment of COPD. In the classic prescriptions, warm-heat drugs were equivalent to cold-cool drugs in number, while the proportion of warm-heat drugs gradually raised with the increase in the perturbation efficiency. Additionally, core combinations in the classical prescriptions,such as heat-clearing/heat-clearing, dampness-dispelling/dampness-dispelling, and phlegm-resolving/heat-clearing, could achieve better efficacy for COPD. The present study preliminarily screened out the efficacies of Chinese medicines in the treatment of COPD based on scientific data through the multi-target efficacy evaluation system to explore the effect of Chinese medicine on COPD from modern pharmacology, explain the mechanism of TCM treatment of lung diseases, and provide references for the development of drugs targeting COPD.

Analysis of potential role of Chinese classic prescriptions in treatment of COVID-19 based on TCMATCOV platform / 中国中药杂志

With the global outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19), screening of effective drugs has became the emphasis of research today; furthermore, screening of Chinese classic prescriptions has became one of the directions for drug development. This study analyzed the application of classic prescriptions in the diagnosis and treatment schemes based on the Diagnosis and Treatment Schemes for Coronavirus Disease at the country, provincial and municipal levels, and further explored its disrobing effect on COVID-19 disease severe phase network, and selected representative prescriptions for core target screening and gene enrichment analysis, so as to reveal its mechanism of action. Among them, 13 prescriptions were found to be used for 10 times or more, including Maxing Shigan Tang, Yinqiao San, Shengjiang San, Dayuan Drink, Xuanbai Chengqi Decoction. In addition, the COVID-19 efficacy prediction analysis platform(TCMATCOV platform) was used to calculate the network disturbances of the Chinese classic prescriptions involved. Based on the prediction results, 68 classic prescriptions were assessed on the COVID-19 disease network robustness disturbance. The average disturbance scores for the interaction confidence scores were ranked to be 0.4, 0.5, and 0.6 from the highest to the lowest. There were 7 prescriptions with a score of 17 or more, and 50 prescriptions with a score of 13 or more. Among them, the top three prescriptions were Ganlu Xiaodu Dan(18.19), Lengxiao Wan(17.74), and Maxing Shigan Tang(17.62). After further mining the action targets of these three prescriptions, it was found that COVID-19 disease-specific factors Ccl2, IL10, IL6 and TNF were all the targets of three prescriptions. Through the enrichment analysis of the biological processes of the core targets, it was found that the three prescriptions may prevent the development of the disease by affecting cell-to-cell adhesion, cytokine-mediated signaling pathway, and chronic inflammatory responses to COVID-19 at the severe phase. This study showed that the TCMATCOV platform could evaluate the disturbance effect of different prescriptions on the COVID-19 disease network, and predict potential effectiveness based on the robustness of drug-interfered pneumonia disease networks, so as to provide a reference for further experiments or clinical verification.

TCMATCOV--a bioinformatics platform to predict efficacy of TCM against COVID-19 / 中国中药杂志

There is urgent need to discover effective traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) for treating coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19). The development of a bioinformatic tool is beneficial to predict the efficacy of TCM against COVID-19. Here we deve-loped a prediction platform TCMATCOV to predict the efficacy of the anti-coronavirus pneumonia effect of TCM, based on the interaction network imitating the disease network of COVID-19. This COVID-19 network model was constructed by protein-protein interactions of differentially expressed genes in mouse pneumonia caused by SARS-CoV and cytokines specifically up-regulated by COVID-19. TCMATCOV adopted quantitative evaluation algorithm of disease network disturbance after multi-target drug attack to predict potential drug effects. Based on the TCMATCOV platform, 106 TCM were calculated and predicted. Among them, the TCM with a high disturbance score account for a high proportion of the classic anti-COVID-19 prescriptions used by clinicians, suggesting that TCMATCOV has a good prediction ability to discover the effective TCM. The five flavors of Chinese medicine with a disturbance score greater than 1 are mainly spicy and bitter. The main meridian of these TCM is lung, heart, spleen, liver, and stomach meridian. The TCM related with QI and warm TCM have higher disturbance score. As a prediction tool for anti-COVID-19 TCM prescription, TCMATCOV platform possesses the potential to discovery possible effective TCM against COVID-19.

Nutritional support in children with pneumonia on mechanical ventilation by short-peptide enteral nutrition formula / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To observe the incidence of malnutrition and nutritional risk in children with pneumonia on mechanical ventilation in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU), and to explore the nutritional support effect of short-peptide enteral nutrition formula.@*METHODS@#A total of 68 children with severe pneumonia who were hospitalized in the PICU from October 2017 to October 2018 and required mechanical ventilation were enrolled for a prospective randomized controlled study. The children were randomly divided into a control group and an experimental group. Through the nasogastric feeding tube, the experimental group received the short-peptide enteral nutrition formula, and the control group received the intact-protein enteral nutrition formula. The weight-for-age Z score, STRONGkids nutritional risk score, and pediatric critical illness score of the two groups were evaluated. The serum levels of total protein, albumin, and prealbumin (PA) on admission and before discharge were measured. The gastrointestinal tolerance and clinical outcome indicators of the two groups were observed.@*RESULTS@#Among the 68 mechanically ventilated children, 26 (38%) had malnutrition, including moderate malnutrition (10 cases, 15%) and severe malnutrition (16 cases, 24%); 10 cases (15%) had malnutrition at discharge. Sixty-three children (93%) had nutritional risk, including moderate nutritional risk in 21 cases and high nutritional risk in 42 cases. The moderate and high nutritional risk rates of the critical and extreme critical groups were significantly higher than those of the non-critical group (P0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#The detection rates of malnutrition and nutritional risk in children with pneumonia on mechanical ventilation are relatively high. Short-peptide enteral nutrition formula can help improve their treatment outcome and are more suitable for nutritional support in critically ill children on mechanical ventilation.

Effective Constituents and Mechanism of Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex for Depressive Disorder Based on Network Pharmacology / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:In this paper,the network pharmacology method was used to explore the material basis and the mechanism of Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex(Houpo) on depressive disorder. Method:Firstly,the main chemical components of Houpo were gathered from CNKI,SciFinder,traditional Chinese medicine systems pharmacology database and analysis platform(TCMSP) and other databases.Next,the potential targets of the chemical ingredients in Houpo were searched and selected by BATMAN-TCM database.The targets of depressive disorder were collected from HPO database.Then all the targets were entered into the search tool(String database) for the retrieval of protein-protein interactions so as to confirm antidepressant chemistries and their related targets.Furthermore,the functional enrichment analysis was carried out through the David database.Based on these above results,the networks of "drug targets-disease targets" and "compounds-targets-pathways" of Houpo on depressive disorder were built by Cytoscape v3.5.1 software,respectively.Network topology analysis was used to screen the key targets and the corresponding components.Then molecular docking verification of "component-target proteins" was further conducted. Result:A total of 16 active compounds involving in 74 key targets for depressive disorder were selected and confirmed from 138 chemical components of Houpo.Molecular docking analysis showed that compared with other components,ten volatile components in the 16 active compounds had good binding activities with the top 5 key targets[the top 5 of degree value,including insulin receptor(INS),mitogen-activated protein kinase 1(MAPK1),guanine nucleotide binding protein alpha inhibition 3(GNAI3),phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase receptor 1(PIK3R1) and selective receptor B1(GNB1)] and the 3 direct acting targets of popular drugs for depression[muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2(CHRM2),5-hydroxytryptamine receptor(HTR)2B and HTR2C].The functional enrichment analysis showed the antidepressant mechanism of Houpo mainly involved neurotrophin signaling pathway,MAPK signaling pathway,calcium signaling pathway and neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction,etc. Conclusion:This study reveals the active ingredients and the mechanism of anti-depression of Houpo based on network pharmacology,a total of 16 key active ingredients related to anti-depression are selected.This paper can provide references for development of antidepressants and the discovery of quality markers of Houpo for anti-depression.

Discovery and Application of Quality Marker of Traditional Chinese Medicine Based on Integrative Pharmacology / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Quality marker(Q-marker) is a new concept and pattern for quality control of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),which will lead the development direction for quality control of TCM.Among them,how to characterize the overall quality attribute of TCM and its biological effect,is a critical scientific problem in the study of Q-marker.In this paper,integrated pharmacology is utilized to screen out and confirm the Q-marker from the complex system of TCM,so as to solve the critical scientific problem.System biology in vivo is firstly applied to establish the correlation of chemical fingerprints of TCM,their metabolic fingerprints,network targets,biological effects and efficacy of TCM,which is used to preliminary screen out Q-marker of TCM.Following that,a pharmacological method in vitro,including intestinal absorption in vitro coupled with bioactivity assessment,is employed to simultaneously determine the absorbed doses of TCM and evaluate their biological activity.Furthermore,data mining is utilized to establish the exact quantitative mathematic model between Q-marker of TCM and bioactivity.Meanwhile,two representative examples,including Yuanhu Zhitong tablets,Xinsuning capsules,are introduced to identify Q-marker of TCM and establish their quality standards related with bioactivity,which will be beneficial to improve the level of quality control of TCM and ensure the effectiveness and safety of clinical applications.

Molecular mechanism of Shuguan Granules in treating angina based on integrative pharmacology / 中国中药杂志

The paper analyzed the combined administration of traditional Chinese medicine Shuguan Granules, and studied its six plant herbs, namely Polygoni Multiflori Radix, Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, Polygonati Rhizoma, Chuanxiong Rhizoma, Epomedii Folium, and Carthami Flos by network pharmacology analysis, in order to define chemical constituents and drugs targets through integrated pharmacology platform. Based on the results, indications of Shuguan Granules were collected through the ETCM database. Therefore, the present study could determine the potential optimal indications of the drug. The results showed that chest apoplexy was the main traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) symptom treated by Shuguan Granules, whose monarch drug was Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma. Network pharmacology analysis found that the target enrichment results of Shuguan Granules were related to the indications of coronary heart disease, angina and atherosclerosis. According to the indications, angina may be the best indication for Shuguan Granules. The 229 components in Shuguan Granules involved a total of 109 core targets, of which TNF and MMP9 were the direct targets to the angina disease. In addition, Shuguan Granules could also indirectly intervene in the progression of angina through MAPK, NFKB, GF and other targets. The main pathways involving angina pectoris are PI3 K-Akt signaling pathway, RAS signaling pathway, TNF signaling pathway, Estrogen signaling pathway and glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, which can intervene in many aspects of angina, such as inflammatory reaction, blood lipid metabolism and vasodilation.

Nutritional assessment and clinical application of nutritional risk screening tools in critically ill children / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the nutritional status of critically ill hospitalized children and to explore the value of nutritional risk screening tools in the nutritional risk assessment.@*METHODS@#The clinical data of 211 critically ill children who were admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit from November 2017 to April 2018 were collected to evaluate their nutritional status on admission and at discharge. Two nutritional risk screening tools, STRONGkids and PYMS, were used for nutritional risk screening in the 211 children.@*RESULTS@#Among the 211 patients, 68 (32.2%) were found to have malnutrition on admission, with 34 cases each of moderate and severe malnutrition. Moderate or high nutritional risk was found in 154 cases (73.0%) with STRONGkids and 165 cases (78.2%) with PYMS. Using weight-for-age Z-score as the gold standard to evaluate the efficacy of the two nutritional risk screening tools, the areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves of STRONGkids and PYMS were 0.822 and 0.759 respectively. Both tools had a significant clinical value in screening for malnutrition (P0.05). With the optimal cut-off value of 3 points, the sensitivities of STRONGkids and PYMS for screening of malnutrition were 92.1% and 76.2% respectively. The children with moderate or high nutritional risk on admission had a significantly poorer prognosis than those with low nutritional risk (P=0.014 and 0.001 respectively). The children with severe malnutrition had a significantly poorer prognosis than those with normal nutrition (P=0.0009).@*CONCLUSIONS@#The detection rates of malnutrition and nutritional risk are high in critically ill children. Malnutrition/high nutritional risk is related to a poor prognosis. Both STRONGkids and PYMS have a clinical value for nutritional risk screening in critically ill children, and they have similar clinical efficacy; however, STRONGkids is more sensitive.

Compatibility law of Baizhi formulae and molecular mechanism of core herbal pair "Baizhi-Chuanxiong" / 中国中药杂志

By using the traditional Chinese medicine inheritance support system (TCMISS) in this study, the prescription rules of Baizhi formulae were analyzed and the core herbal pair "Baizhi-Chuanxiong" was obtained. Through the systemic analysis of prescription rules of "Baizhi-Chuanxiong" and combined with the pharmacology thinking of "Baizhi-Chuanxiong" in treating headache, the paper was aimed to find out the combination rules containing Baizhi andits molecular mechanisms for treating headaches, and provide the theory basis for further research and reference of Baizhi and its formula. Totally 3 887 prescriptions were included in this study, involving 2 534 Chinese herbs. With a support degree of 20% in analysis, 16 most commonly used drug combinations were screened, which were mainly used to treat 15 types of diseases. Baizhi was often used to treat headache, and the core combination "Baizhi-Chuanxiong" was also often used to treat, consistent with ancient record. A chemical database was established; then the headache and migraine disease targets were retrieved and added in the database to build up the "compounds-targets-pathways "core network of "Baizhi-Chuanxiong" by the internet-based computation platform for IP of TCM (TCM-IP). TCM-IP was then applied to study the molecular mechanism of "Baizhi-Chuanxiong" treatment of headache. The results suggested that37 chemical compounds in the core combination "Baizhi-Chuanxiong" were closely related with headache treatment by adjusting serotonin levels or applying to inflammation-related targets and energy metabolism pathways such as purine metabolism, pyruvate metabolism, fatty acid degradation, carbon metabolism and gluconeogenesis.

Study on Yueju Wan for "different diseases with same treatment" based on integrative pharmacology / 中国中药杂志

The traditional Chinese medicine prescription Yueju Wan has the function of regulating qi-flowing for activating stagnancy and resolving food stagnation, which is now used for the treatment of depression and gastrointestinal related diseases. In this study, an integrative pharmacological method was adopted to predict the targets and pathways of Yueju Wan and explore its molecular mechanism for depression and gastrointestinal dysfunction with the same treatment. First, disease targets were collected from Human Phenotype Ontology database, 201 targets related to depression and 474 targets related to gastrointestinal dysfunction, including 95 common targets of these two. Then, the integrative pharmacology platform of traditional Chinese medicine (TCMIP) was used to predict and analyze the drug targets, GO function, KEGG pathway, core targets network of Yueju Wan and heterogeneous network of TCM-chemical components-key drug targets-pathway. According to the integrative analysis, it is found that ATP1A1, KRAS, and PRKAA1 were key targets, and neuron apoptotic process, neurotrophin signaling pathway, serotonergic synapse and regulation of nitric-oxide synthase activity were key pathways which played important roles in molecular mechanism of Yueju Wan for depression and gastrointestinal dysfunction. In conclusion, speculated serotonergic synapse and regulation of nitric-oxide synthase activity maybe the common process in depression and gastrointestinal dysfunction. This paper provided an overall understanding on Yueju Wan based on TCMIP, helping to elucidate the mechanism of the same treatment for different diseases, depression and gastrointestinal dysfunction.

Molecular mechanism of Tibetan medicine Rhodiola crenulata prevents oxidative stress through network pharmacology / 中国中药杂志

In this study, a computer-based network pharmacology approach was applied to investigate the potential mechanism and important components of Rhodiola crenulata in the protection of H9c2 cells against hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂)-induced oxidative stress. The intestinal absorption liquid of R. crenulata enhanced the cell viability, maintained cell morphology and inhibited cell apoptosis in the H₂O₂-induced oxidative stress in H9c2. Then, computer-based network pharmacology was used to analyze the relevant mechanism. A total of 133 oxidative stress-related compounds were screened out; and 26 of them occupied the top 20%, and all of the compounds enriched in 43 oxidative stress-related key targets. Finally, a "compound-target-pathway-function" network was constructed. Based on the analysis of the network pharmacology, R. crenulata protected H9c2 cells against H₂O₂-induced oxidative stress probably by affecting apoptosis-related processes, such as cell death, nitric oxide metabolism, oxidative stress, mitochondrial mechanism, redox process, redox-related enzyme activty and other oxidative stress-related process. And salidroside, ethyl gallate and catechins, which were the main components of R. crenulata, played an important role in this process. Therefore, the potential mechanism and important components of R. crenulata revealed the protective effect on oxidative stress. This study shows a multi-component, multi-target and overall regulation effect of R. crenulata on the oxidative stress, and provides a reliable reference for subsequent systematic experimental studies for the pharmacodynamic material foundation and mechanism of action R. crenulata.

Exploiture and application of an internet-based Computation Platform for Integrative Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine / 中国中药杂志

Recently, integrative pharmacology(IP) has become a pivotal paradigm for the modernization of traditional Chinese medicines(TCM) and combinatorial drugs discovery, which is an interdisciplinary science for establishing the in vitro and in vivo correlation between absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion/pharmacokinetic(ADME/PK) profiles of TCM and the molecular networks of disease by the integration of the knowledge of multi-disciplinary and multi-stages. In the present study, an internet-based Computation Platform for IP of TCM(TCM-IP, www.tcmip.cn) is established to promote the development of the emerging discipline. Among them, a big data of TCM is an important resource for TCM-IP including Chinese Medicine Formula Database, Chinese Medical Herbs Database, Chemical Database of Chinese Medicine, Target Database for Disease and Symptoms, et al. Meanwhile, some data mining and bioinformatics approaches are critical technology for TCM-IP including the identification of the TCM constituents, ADME prediction, target prediction for the TCM constituents, network construction and analysis, et al. Furthermore, network beautification and individuation design are employed to meet the consumer's requirement. We firmly believe that TCM-IP is a very useful tool for the identification of active constituents of TCM and their involving potential molecular mechanism for therapeutics, which would wildly applied in quality evaluation, clinical repositioning, scientific discovery based on original thinking, prescription compatibility and new drug of TCM, et al.

Effect of orexin-A and orexin-1 receptor antagonist injected into the fourth ventricle of rats on food-intake and spontaneous physical activity / 生理学报

The present study was aimed to investigate the effects of orexin-A and orexin-1 receptor (OX1R) antagonist injected into the fourth ventricle of rats on food-intake and spontaneous physical activity (SPA). Obese rat model was induced by high fat diet. Different doses of orexin-A or SB334867, an OX1R antagonist, were injected into the fourth ventricle of obese and normal rats respectively. SPA and food intake were monitored for 4 h after injection in both light and dark environment. In the light measurement cycle, different doses of orexin-A significantly stimulated feeding and SPA in all injected rats, and the animals' responses showed a dose-dependent manner (P < 0.05-0.01), and compared with those of normal rats, the orexin-A induced food intake and SPA were more pronounced in obese rats. In the dark measurement cycle, different doses of orexin-A had no obvious effect on food intake and SPA in both normal and obese rats (P > 0.05). In the light cycle, different doses of SB334867 significantly decreased food intake and SPA in all rats during 0-2 h and 2-4 h after injection (P < 0.05), but the food intake and SPA in obese rats were significantly greater than those of normal rats. In the dark cycle, different doses of SB334867 showed no obvious effect on food intake and SPA of normal and obese rats (P > 0.05). These results suggest that fourth cerebral ventricle nuclei may be one target for orexin-A and light condition may play an important role in orexin-A and OX1R physiological functional processes.

Genotyping and variability of HIV-1 in 26 cases of paid blood donors / 中华实验和临床病毒学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyze the genome mutations of HIV-1 gag, pol and env genes from HIV-infected paid blood donors in rural central China.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>DNA was extracted from peripheral blood mononuclear cells, gag (p17-p24), pol (PR-RT), env (C2-V5) genes were amplified by nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR), purified products were sequenced, and sequence data was analyzed by MEGA5.0 soft wares.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Twenty-three samples were subtype B, two samples were recombinant of subtype B and subtype C, one sample was recombinant of subtype CRF01_AE and subtype B. PI major resistance mutations were not found in the PR region. M184V, K101E and G190A were detected in the RT region, respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Subtype B was the major HIV circulating genetic forms in this area. Most strains were sensitive to high active anti-retroviral therapy (HARRT). 91.7% V3 loop tip motifs of X4-tropic strains was GPGR. It showed that GPGR might be associated with accelerate disease progression to AIDS.</p>

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers load in human serum of Taiyuan city in 2010 / 中华预防医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>This study was conducted to characterize polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) load in human serum of Taiyuan city in 2010.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 42 blood samples were collected in Taiyuan city, 2010. Solid-phase extraction (SPE)-gas chromatography-negative chemical ionization-mass spectrometry method was used to measure the concentration of brominated diphenyl ethers (BDE)-17, BDE-28, BDE-47, BDE-66, BDE-99, BDE-100, BDE-153, BDE-154, BDE-183 and BDE-209 and ΣPBDEs was calculated.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Of the tested serum samples, ΣPBDEs ranged from 2.09 to 66.74 ng/g of lipid weight (lw), the median and mean was 6.32 ng/g lw and 9.84 ng/g lw, respectively. BDE-209 was the main source of ΣPBDEs and its concentration ranged from no detection to 64.99 ng/g lw, the median was 4.11 ng/g lw, accounting for 67.6% of ΣPBDEs. Second source was BDE-153 and its concentration ranged from 0.29 to 4.92 ng/g lw, the median was 0.62 ng/g lw accounting for 10.1% of ΣPBDEs.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The overall load of PBDEs in the serum of local residents was low in 2010.</p>

Expression of motilin and its precursor mRNA in normal parenchyma, benign and malignant tumors of human thyroid / 中华病理学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the expression of motilin and its precursor mRNA in normal human thyroid. To compare the expression differences of motilin and it precursor mRNA between normal thyroid and intestines. To study the expression of motilin and its precursor mRNA in human thyroid tumors and their clinical implications.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>RT-PCR, Southern blot and molecular cloning were used to detect motilin transcript expression in human thyroid and mucous membrane of small intestine. Real-time PCR and immunohistochemical techniques were used to quantify motilin precursor mRNA and motilin peptide in thyroid tissue samples including adenoma, medullary carcinoma, follicular carcinoma, papillary carcinoma and nodular goiter.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>(1) The expression of motilin and its precursor mRNA in normal human thyroid was primarily in the thyroid C cells. (2) RT-PCR and Southern blot showed that motilin mRNA expressed in human thyroid was identical to that expressed in duodenum with identical sequence deposited in NCBI Genbank of America. (3) Immunohistochemistry, Western blot research and real-time PCR studies showed that motilin and its precursor mRNA were expressed in normal and tumor tissues of human thyroid. Thyroid tumors (acidophilic adenoma, medullary carcinoma, follicular carcinoma, papillary carcinoma and nodular goiter) showed intense and diffuse immunostaining for motilin peptide. Moreover, the expression of motilin and its precursor mRNA in thyroid medullar carcinoma and acidophilic adenoma were significantly higher than those of normal thyroid tissue (P < 0.05). The expression in thyroid follicular and papillary carcinomas were significantly lower than those of normal thyroid tissue (P < 0.05). There was no difference of the expression between nodular goiter and normal thyroid tissue (P > 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Motilin peptide and its precursor mRNA are expressed in C cells of human thyroid. The sequence of motilin is identical to that expressed in duodenum from NCBI Genbank of America. The expressions of both motilin and its precursor mRNA in thyroid medullary carcinoma and acidophilic adenoma are significantly increased. In contrast, their expressions in thyroid follicular and papillary carcinomas are significantly decreased. Motilin may regulate physiological functions of the thyroid through parafollicular cells. Motilin may be involved in the pathogenesis of medullary carcinoma and acidophilic adenoma of the thyroid.</p>